Video & Sound Production — Exercises
4.4.2023—25.4.2023 (Week 1—Week 4)
Rachel Madeline Purwanto / 0356994
Video
and Sound Production / Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media
Exercises
❥LECTURE
Week 2 — Framing & Storyboard
Earliest camera
- shots were simple, and straightforward, filmmakers turned into dramatic
presentations they called filmed plays.
- breakup the action into shots and sequences to create fragments of reality.
- cinema technique is about manipulating shots and sequence that isolating
part of it to look at and in order - to see them
Cinematography
- motion picture/film/videos is made up of many shots
- each shot requires camera to be placed in best position for that particular
moment in the narrative.
- sequence is a series of scenes or shots complete in itself.
- scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid.
- a scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous
event.
Shot Size
Wide shot
- includes the entire subject and important objects in immediate
surroundings.
- often called establishing shot when used at the beginning of a scene.
- usually use wide angle first in movies or a scene to reveal the setting of
the film
Fig 1.1 Examples of wide shot https://youtu.be/i1Ii27b5uEs
Medium shot
- to show gesture and expression, from the person waist up, letting hands and
lower half of his body fall outside the frame
- majority shots in a film or series are medium shots
- films subject character from midway between waist and shoulders to above the
head
Fig 1.3 Example of Medium close up shot from https://youtu.be/i1Ii27b5uEs
Over the shoulder shot
- shows subject from behind the shoulder of another person.
- reveal what the character is doing
Fig 1.4 Example of Over the shoulder shot from https://youtu.be/i1Ii27b5uEs
Extreme wide shot
- shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character and conveys
scale, distance and geographical location.
- used to show where character is in his/her environment
Fig 1.5 Example of extreme wide shot
Medium wide shot
- shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the
knees
- wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking
place, permit a nice balance of figure and surrounding.
Fig 1.6 Example of Medium wide shot
Close up shot
- isolate the most important part of the subject.
- emphasizes facial expression, details of an object.
Fig 1.7 Example of close up shot
Extreme close up shot
- close up single out a portion of the face magnifies the detail.
- focus on important detail either to increase the drama or impact a
situation.
- allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly.
Camera Angle
Composition : Rule of thirds divides frame into thirds both horizontally and
vertically, points where vertical and horizontal lines cross are
aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines
converge.
Fig 1.8 Example of Camera Angle
- facial modelling is best when subject is turned 45 degrees to the camera.
- angle the camera so that parallel lines diminish and converge preferably
to the right; ensure the viewer's eyes are carried into the distance.
- subject height : dramatic overtones contribute to storytelling of that
subject
- high angle can give the impression that the subject is weak or young
whilst low angle contradicts that.
Screen direction
Dynamic Screen direction : constant screen travel depicts subject
motion in one direction only. series of shots of a person walking, car
driving, plane flying should move in the same direction to show progression.
Fig 1.9 Screen direction
Static screen direction : when planning shots with two
characters, need to understand camera movement in relation to the 180
degree rule. rule enforces camera to stay on a horizontal axis and not
cross sections so that it will disorient the viewer. horizontal axis is
called line of action.
Fig 1.10 Static screen direction
180 degree rule : if camera 2 and 3 are used, audience stay on one side of
the line of action. (reverse angle shots)
Fig 1.11 Examples of Static screen direction
Week 3 — Storytelling in Film
Story
The set of all events in cause-effect relationship occurring in time and
space, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers,
constitutes the story. "What happened?"
Plot
everything visibly and audibly present in the film, and material that is
extraneous to the story world. "Why and how they happened?"
Plot segmentation
best method for understanding for understanding a film's narrative system is
to create a plot segmentation, a scene-by-scene outline of entire film.
3 ACT Structure
ACT 1 - Beginning
- Introduction of the story
- Introduction to the main characters
- To establish dramatic situation
- Leads to an incident that complicates the story (Plot point 1)
ACT 2 - Middle
- confrontation of a problem
- rising action
- develop obstacles and complications
- leads to climax story (Plot point 2)
ACT 3 - End
- resolution of problems
- ending of climax
- answer to obstacles
- tying lose ends
Plot point 1 (the plot thickens)
- inciting incident
- turn story in new direction
- sets up what act 2 is going to be
- raises the stakes
- reminder of narrative enigma
Plot point 2 (the longest mile)
- the climatic turning point
- protagonist's quest reaches critical mass
- possible solution is presented
- biggest cliffhanger : will the protagonist win or lose?
Ex : Burrow Short Film
- Utilize the close up shot on 2 of the floorplans to show comparison between
the both of them
- Plot point 1 introduces the rabbit, mole and mouse and gradually shows the
rabbit (main chara) feeling embarrassed and shy thus running away (develops
the cause or start of obstacles and complications)
- Obstacle that stops the main character to achieve their goal/desire
(introduced in plot point 1); rabbit's goal is to build a house and the
obstacle is being embarrassed about her floorplan and dug deeper to find more
burrows, too crowded to build a house
- Objectives of rabbit : to build a home and to develop closure with the
others
- All the animals are friendly and trying to help, but the rabbit is avoiding
them and isolating them
- Reveal but not show the mysterious scary character that could be a threat to
the main character then plot twist earlier shows that character being a nice
friendly character that ends up helping the rabbit; this character is shown to
be mysterious and scary at first since its shown from the rabbit's pov, how
and sums up how she views everyone and is scared and shys away from everyone
- Happy ending : rabbit is seen with the others building a house together and
managed to build a better house than it was planned from the beginning
(portrays character development)
❥INSTRUCTIONS
❥TASK
Week 1 — Introduction to Premier Pro
For the first week of class we were instructed to arrange multiple
scenes of a commercial into a timeline to get the grasp of the basics in
Adobe Premier Pro.
We were taught how to :
- import files
- arrange timeline
- export
Fig 1.1 Progress of arranging video timeline
Fig 1.2 Progress of arranging video timeline and saving
Fig 1.3 Final Arranged Clips
Week 2 — Shooting Exercise (Framing)
We were instructed to do 8 shots in 5 second clips and caption them in Premier
pro. We did all the shots on campus and I edited them on Premier pro.
Fig 3.1 Final arranged clips
Week 3 — 3 Act Story Structure Exercise
For this exercise, we are instructed to analyze 2 videos in the form of the 3
Acts Structure.
First video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSvEKiRB8EY
Second video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxIsfKauTBQ
Fig 4.1 3 Acts Structure Analysis Exercise
We are to ask ChatGPT the following questions and verify its answers on Google
then summarize it.
1. What is colour correction?
It refers to the process of adjusting and balancing the colours in a video or image to achieve a desired look and is often used in stage lighting, photography, television, cinematography, and other disciplines to alter the overall colour of light.
2. What is colour grading?
Colour grading refers to the process of enhancing or altering the colour and tonal qualities of an image or video to establish a desired artistic effect or a certain atmosphere. This allows you to make your images and scenes look exactly like they appear in real life by adjusting contrast, brightness, saturation, colour balance, and other colour-related parameters.
3. What is the differences between colour correction and colour
grading?
Their primary objectives are the main difference between them, where colour correction is more focused on correcting technical issues related to colour balance and consistency, correcting colours in a video or a film as to their desired look, whereas colour grading is more focused on creative adjustments to achieve a particular artistic look or feel, editing colours in a video or film as a way to give them a stylistic look.
4. Are both colour correction and colour grading necessary while
editing video? Or just do one of them?
Both are crucial steps in the video editing process, depending on the goals and requirements of that certain project. Colour correction is necessary to ensure that the footage has a neutral and consistent colour balance and colour grading can be used to establish a certain artistic look or to create a certain atmosphere. Situational wise, only colour correction may be needed or both may be required to achieve the desired result.
Colour Correction Tutorial
During tutorial class, we were told to experiment and explore with the tools
and aspects available in Premier Pro on Colour grading and Colour correction.
On the colour panel, we could adjust the saturation, tint, hues, etc based the
desired atmosphere or look on that scene.
Fig 5.1 Colour correction practice
Fig 5.2 Colour correction practice
Fig 5.3 Colour grading practice
Week 9 — Stop Motion Exercise
Before conducting our final project, with our group for our production shoot project, we were instructed to shoot a mini stop motion trial with a duration of 5 seconds and compare the quality done on phone and on DSLR camera.
Fig 6.1 Shot on Phone
Fig 6.2 Shot on DSLR camera
In short, on the DSLR camera, you are able to adjust the brightness to however you desire the scene to be and also have a much better HD quality but further editing process is required to be done on premier pro which could be time consuming compared to phone where apps to produce stop-motion are available so arranging of frames and editing it into a video is not needed, though the quality isn't as good and the brightness as well as the focus on certain objects may not be as accurate and ruin the quality of the objects on screen.
❥REFLECTION
These exercises allowed us to explore with various tools and aspects of Adobe Premier Pro and it was genuinely fun having to play around with the different tools as well as learning how to do different shots of camera angles. It also was the introduction to our projects and a trial and opportunity to experiment with different tools and aspects of certain programs as well as methods to use for projects such as stop-motion and production shoot.
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